Bulugh al-Maram

The Prophet (ﷺ) was asked, 'What type of earning is best?' He replied, "A man's work with his hand and every transaction which is free from cheating or deception." .

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying in the year of the Conquest, while he was in Makkah, "Allah and His Messenger have forbidden the sale of intoxicants, dead animals, swine and idols." He was asked, "O Allah's Messenger, what about the fat of a dead animal, for it is used for greasing ships, greasing the hides (of animals), and making oils for lamps?" He replied, "No, it is unlawful." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then added: "May Allah curse the Jews, when Allah the Most High declared the fat of such animals unlawful they melted it, then sold it and devoured its price (profit)." .

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "When two people who are arranging a business transaction disagree and there is no proof to arbitrate between them, the seller's word is final, or they may break the deal." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) prohibited the money paid for a dog, the payment of a prostitute, and the payment given to a soothsayer." .

I was traveling on a camel of mine which had become exhausted, so I intended to let it go free. The Prophet (ﷺ) followed me and made supplication for me and struck it. Then, it went as it had never done before. He then said, "Sell it to me for on Uqiya." I replied, "No." He again said, "Sell it to me." So I sold it to him for one Uqiya. However I stipulated that I should be allowed to ride it home. Then when I reached (home), I took the camel to him and he paid me its price in cash. I then went back and he sent someone after me. (When I came), he said, "Do you think that I asked you to reduce the value of your camel's price to take it? Take your camel and your money, for it is yours." .

A man among us declared that a slave belonging to him would be free after his death. However, he had no other property. So, the Prophet (ﷺ) sent for him (the slave) and sold him. .

A mouse fell into some ghee and died. The Prophet (ﷺ) was asked about it and he replied, "Throw it - and what is surrounding (touching) it - away and eat it (that which remained untouched)." .

"into a solid ghee."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If a mouse falls into ghee which is solid, throw the mouse and what is surrounding it away; but if it is in a liquid state do not go near it." .

I asked Jabir (RA) about the payment for cats and dogs and he replied, "The Prophet (ﷺ) warned sternly against that." .

"except a hunting dog."

Barirah came to her and said, "I had arranged to buy my freedom for nine Uqiya; one Uqiyah to be paid annually, so help me." 'Aishah (RA) replied, "If your people are pleased that I should pay (the amount) to them, and I shall have the right to inherit from you, I shall do so." Barira went to her people and told them about it, but they refused the offer. When she came back Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was sitting (in the house). She said, "I offered that to them, but they insisted that the right to inherit from me should be theirs." The Prophet (ﷺ) heard that and 'Aishah (RA) told him about it. So, he said to 'Aishah (RA), "Take her and stipulate that the right to inherit from her will be yours, for the right of inheritance from her will be yours, for the right of inheritance belongs only to the one who has set a slave free." 'Aishah (RA) did so. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then stood up among the people to address them. So, after praising and extolling Allah, he said, "To proceed; what is the matter with some men who make conditions which are not in the Book of Allah, the Might, the Majestic? Any condition which is not in Allah's Book is invalid. Even if there are a hundred conditions, Allah's Decision is more valid and Allah's Condition is more binding. The right of inheritance belongs only to the one who has set a slave free." . Muslim has: "Buy her, set her free and make the stipulation that the right to inherit from her will be yours."

'Umar (RA) forbade the sale of the slave-women who have given birth to children (of their owners). He said, "She is not to be sold, bestowed as a gift or inherited. He (the owner) enjoys her as long as he lives and when he dies, she becomes free." .

We used to sell our slave-women who had borne (our) children while the Prophet (ﷺ) was still living, and he saw no harm in that. .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) prohibited the sale of excess water. .

"And hiring a camel to impregnate a she-camel."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the sale of a stallion's semen (to use for impregnation). .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the transaction called 'Habalal-Habalah" which was one entered into in the Jahiliya era, whereby a man bought a she-camel which was to be the offspring of a she-camel which was still in its mother's womb. .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade selling or giving away the right of inheritance from a freed slave. .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade a transaction determined by throwing stones, and the transaction which involves some uncertainty (or cheating). .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone buys a grain he must not sell it till he weighs it." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade two transactions combined in one. .

"If anyone makes to transactions combined in one he is entitled to take the lower price, or (it is considered) usury."

"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The condition of a loan combined with a sale is not lawful, now two conditions relating to one transaction, nor the profit arising from something which is not in one's charge, nor selling what is not in your possession." .

He forbade a transaction (combined with) a condition. at-Tabarani reported it through this chain of narrators in al-Awsat, and it is Gharib (reported by a single narrator).

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the type of transaction in which a security deposit was paid. .

I bought some oil in the market and when I had taken it (from the seller), a man met me and offered to give me a good profit for it. Then, when I was about to finalize the deal with him, a man caught hold of my forearm from behind. So I turned and found that he was Zaib bin Thabit (RA). He said, "Do not sell it in the place where you have bought it, till you take it to your dwelling. This is because Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade that commodities to be sold in the place where they were bought, till the traders take them to their dwellings." .

I said, "O Allah's Messenger, I sell camels at al-Baqi'. I sell for Dinars and take Dirhams (for them), and sell for Dirhams, and take Dinars (for them), I take this for that and give that for this (i.e. Dinars and Dirhams)." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "There is no harm in taking them at the current rate so long as you do not separate leaving something still to be settled (from the exchange)." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade bidding against one another (to raise the price). .

The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade Muhaqalah, Muzabanah, and Mukhabarah. He also forbade Thunya unless it was explicit (a known amount). .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade Muhaqalah, Mukhadarah, Mulamasah, Munabadhah and Muzabamah. .

"Do not go out to meet riders (to conduct business with them), and a city-dweller must not sell for a man from the desert." I asked Ibn 'Abbas (RA), "What did he mean by 'A city-dweller must not sell for a man from the desert.'" He replied, "He should not act as a broker for him." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Do not go out to meet what is being brought (to market for sale). Whoever has done so and bought some of it, when its owner comes to the market he has the choice (of canceling the deal)." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade, a city-dweller to sell for a man from the desert; one to bid against another (to raise the price); that someone sell (his product) by canceling the sale of his brother; to propose (marriage) to a woman after his brother has done so; or a woman to ask to have her sister divorced in order to deprive her of what belongs to her. .

"A Muslim must not offer a price above that offered by another Muslim."

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "Whoever separates a mother from her child, May Allah separate him from his beloved ones on the Day of Resurrection." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) commanded me to sell two youths who were brothers. I sold them and separated them (by selling them to different people). When I made mention of that to the Prophet (ﷺ), he said, "Find them and get them back, and do not sell them except that they are together." .

When prices were high in al-Madinah in the time of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), the people said, "O Allah's Messenger, prices have become high, so fix them for us." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, Allah is the One Who fixes prices, Who withholds, gives lavishly and provides. And I hope that when I meet Allah, the Most High, none of you will have any claim on me for an injustice regarding blood or property." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "None withholds goods till the price rises but a sinner." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not tie up the udders of camels and goats. He who buys them after that (has been done) has two choices open to him after milking them: he may keep them if he wishes, or may return them along with one Sa' of dates." .

"He has three days in which to decide to keep them or not."

"He must return with it one Sa' of any grain but wheat." .

If anyone buys a goat whose udder has been tied up and he returned it, he must return it with one Sa'. .

"of dates."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) once came upon a heap of grain, and when he put his hand inside it, his fingers felt some dampness. So, he asked, "What is this, O owner of the grain?" He replied, "Rain had fallen on it, O Allah's Messenger." He said, "Why did you not put it (the damp part) on the top of the foodstuff so that people might see it? Whoever cheats has nothing to do with me." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Whoever hoards grapes in the vintage (harvest) season till he sells them to those who make wine from them, has hastily thrown himself into Hell-fire with clear knowledge." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Any profit goes to the one who bears responsibility." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) gave him a Dinar to buy a sacrificial animal or a sheep. He bought two sheep with it, sold one of them for a Dinar and came back to him with a goat and a Dinar. So he invoked blessings on him in his business dealings, and he was such that if he had bought soil (of the earth) he would have made profit from it. .

al-Bukhari also recorded it within another Hadith but did not report its exact wording.

at-Tirmidhi reported a Shahid (supporting narration of similar meaning) for it from the Hadith of Hakim bin Hizam.