Bulugh al-Maram

"al-Qudat (judges) are of three types, two of whom will go to Hell and one to Paradise. The one who will go to Paradise is a man who knows what is right and gives judgement accordingly. However, a man who knows what is right, and does not give judgement accordingly and acts unjustly in his judgement, will be in the Hell-fire. Likewise, a man who does not know what is right and judges people with ignorance, will be in the Hell-fire." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "He who has been appointed a Qadi (judge) has been slaughtered without a knife." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "You will eagerly seek out the office of governorship, but it will become a cause of regret on the Day of Resurrection. How excellent it is as a Murdi'ah (wet nurse)! And how evil it is as a Fatimah (one who weans)! .

He heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say, "When a judge gives a ruling, having tried his best to decide correctly, and is right (in his decision), he will have a double reward; and when he gives a ruling having tried his best to decide correctly, and is wrong (in his decision), he will have a single reward." .

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say, "No judge should give judgement between two people while he is angry." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "When two men bring a case before you, do not decide in favor of the first till you hear what the other has to say, then you will know how to judge." 'Ali (RA) said: "Since then, I have continued to judge (in accordance with that)."

It has a Shahid (supporting narration) reported by al-Hakim from the Hadith of Ibn 'Abbas.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Indeed, you bring your disputers to me, and perhaps some of you are more eloquent in their plea than others, so that I give judgement on their behalf according to what I hear from them. Therefore, whatever I rule for anyone which by right belongs to his brother, I am only granting him a portion of Hell-fire." .

I heard Allah's Messenger (SAW0 saying, "How could an Ummah (people) be purified (of its sins) where the right of its weak is not taken from its strong." .

It has a Shahid (supporting narration) from the Hadith of Buraida, reported by al-Bazzar.

And another from the Hadith of Abu Sa'id, reported by Ibn Majah.

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "the just Qadi (judge) will be called (forth) on the Day of Resurrection and he will wish he had never given judgement even between two men throughout his life, due to the severity of the account he will face." [Reported by Ibn Hibban. al-Baihaqi reported it with the wording: "...concerning a single tamrah (date fruit).

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A people who make a woman their ruler will never be successful." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever is placed by Allah over any matter of the affairs of the Muslims, and then conceals himself (i.e. holds back) from dealing with their needs and their poor (people), Allah will conceal Himself (i.e. hold back) from fulfilling his needs." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) cursed the one who bribes and the one who takes bribes to influence the judgement. [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a. at-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan (good), and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic).

It has a Shahid (supporting narration) from 'Abdullah bin 'Amr's Hadith, reported by al-Arba'a except an-Nasa'i].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ruled that the two opposing parties in a dispute should sit in front of the judge. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Shall I not inform you who is the best witness? He is the one who produces his testimony before he is asked for it." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Verily! The best of you (i.e. Muslims) are my generation, then their immediate followers, then their immediate followers. After them there will be people who will give (false) testimony without being asked (to testify), who will be treacherous and are not to be trusted, who will make vows and will not fulfill them, among whom obesity will appear." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "It is not permissible to accept the testimony of a man or a woman who does not fulfill their trusts, or of one who harbors a grudge against his brother, or the testimony of one who is dependent on a family (to testify) for members of the family." .

He heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say. "The testimony of a bedouin against a city dweller is not permissible." .

He addressed the people and said, "People were sometimes judged by the revealing of a Divine Revelation during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), but now the Divine Revelation has been discontinued . Now we judge you by the deeds you practice publicly." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) considered Shahadah az-Zur (giving false testimony) among the most serious of major sins. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said to a man, "Do you see the sun?" He replied, "Yes." He said, "Give witness in a similar case , or leave it." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ruled on the basis of an oath and a single witness. .

Something similar to the aforesaid Hadith. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If people were given whatever they claimed (in disputes), some people would claim the lives and wealth of others; but the oath (of denial) must be taken by the defendant." . al-Baihaqi has reported with a Sahih (authentic) chain of narrators: "But the proof (Bayyinah) lies on the one who is making the claim, and the other (Yamin) must be taken by the one who rejects the claim."

The Prophet (ﷺ) suggested to some people that they should take an oath (Yamin) and when they hastened to do so he ordered that lots should be cast among them concerning the oath, as to which of them should take it. .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said. "If anyone seized - by his oath - what rightly belongs to a Muslim, Allah has made the Hell-fire compulsory for him and forbidden for him the Paradise." A man asked, "O Allah's Messenger, even if it were something insignificant?" He replied, "Even if it were a stick from an Arak tree." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone swears a firm oath - knowingly, intentionally, taking by it property belonging to a Muslim, Allah will be angry with him when he meets Him (on the Day of Resurrection)." .

Two men had a disputer over an animal, and neither of them had a proof. So Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) gave a ruling that it be divided in halves between them. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If anyone swears a false oath on this Minbar of mine, he will have prepared his seat in the Hell-Fire." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "There are three to whom Allah will not speak to on the Day of Resurrection, not will He look at them, nor will He purify them, and they will have a painful punishment. (1) A man at a place with excess water in the desert and who withholds it from the travelers. (2) A man who sold a commodity to another person in the afternoon (or after the 'Asr prayer) and swore to him by Allah that he had bought it at such and such price and he (the buyer) believed him yet that was not the case. (3) And a man who pledged allegiance to an Imam only for the sake of the world (material gains). Hence, if the Imam bestowed on him something out of that (i.e. worldly riches) he stood by his pledge of allegiance, and if he did not give him, he did not fulfill the pledge of allegiance." .

Two men disputed about a she-camel. Then, each of them said: this she-camel was born at my place, and each of them brought a proof (that it was his animal). Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then ruled that it be taken by the one who had it in his possession.

The Prophet (ﷺ) re-directed al-Yamin (the oath to be sword by the defendant) to the one making the claim to some right. .

One day the Prophet (ﷺ) came to me overjoyed, his face shining (from happiness) and said, "Did you not see that Mujazziz al-Mudliji (a physiognomist) looked at Zaid bin Harithah and Usama bin Zaid, and then said, 'These feet (of Zaid and Usama) are related to one another.'" .