Wiki Articles

Foundations of Islamic Cosmology and Theology

The Quran describes the creation of the heavens and the earth as a deliberate act of Allah, beginning from a joined entity that was separated, followed by the formation of the earth, the heavens, and the cosmic order including the seven heavens and the Throne (Arsh). These descriptions contain elements that parallel modern scientific understandings such as the Big Bang and the expansion of the universe, while emphasizing Allah’s sovereignty and creative power.

Foundations of Temporal and Cosmological Concepts in Islam

Islamic cosmology presents a nuanced understanding of Earth, time, and calendars grounded primarily in Quranic revelation. The Quran describes creation in six 'ayyam' (days), with the Arabic term 'yawm' interpreted variously as literal 24-hour days or metaphorical epochs. This article explores Quranic verses on creation, scholarly interpretations of 'yawm,' and the relationship between revealed time and scientific estimates of Earth's age. It also examines Islamic calendrical systems, including the Hijri lunar calendar, contrasts with solar and Anno Mundi calendars, and discusses pre-Islamic Arabian timekeeping. Furthermore, it addresses the concept of unseen time before Adam, prophetic mission durations, and eschatological time culminating in Yawm al-Qiyamah (Day of Judgment).

Foundational Concepts of Divine Authority, Knowledge, and Predestination

In Islamic theology, the Throne (Al-Arsh), the Pen (Al-Qalam), and the Preserved Tablet (Al-Lawh al-Mahfuz) represent fundamental metaphysical realities that symbolize Allah's supreme authority, knowledge, and decree over creation. The Throne signifies divine sovereignty, the Pen is the instrument through which Allah's knowledge and decrees are recorded, and the Preserved Tablet contains the eternal record of all that has happened and will happen. These concepts are rooted in the Quran and elaborated upon in authentic hadith, emphasizing predestination and divine omniscience.