Bulugh al-Maram

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The time of the Zuhr (noon) prayer is when the sun passes the meridian and a man's shadow is of the same length as his height. It lasts until the time of the 'Asr (afternoon) prayer. The time of the 'Asr prayer is as long as the sun has not become yellow (during its setting). The time of the Maghrib (sunset) prayer is as long as the twilight has not disappeared. The time of the 'Isha' (night) prayer is up to midnight. And the time of the Fajr (morning) prayer is from the appearance of dawn as long as the sun has not risen; (but when the sun rises abstain from prayer; for it rises between the two horns of Satan)." .

"When the sun is white and clear." .

"While the sun is high." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to offer the 'Asr prayer (and after the prayer) one of us would return to his house at the furthest end of al-Madinah and arrive while the sun was still hot and bright. And he (ﷺ) loved to delay the 'Isha' prayer, and he disliked sleeping before it and conversation after it. After the Fajr prayer he used to leave when a man could recognize the one sitting beside him and he used to recite between 60 to 100 Verse of Qur'an in the Fajr prayer. .

used to advance the 'Isha' prayer sometimes and delay it at other times. Whenever he saw the people assembled (for the 'Isha' prayer) he would pray early and if the people delayed, he would delay the prayer. And the Prophet (ﷺ) used to offer the Fajr prayer when it was still dark.

He (ﷺ) offered the Fajr prayer at daybreak when the people could hardly recognize one another.

We used to offer the Maghrib prayer with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and then one of us would go (out of the mosque) and be able to see the spot his would fall at. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) delayed (the 'Isha' prayer) one night till a great part of the night passed, then he went out and offered the prayer, and said, "This is the proper time for it; were it not that I would impose a burden on my followers." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "When it is hot, delay the (Zuhr) prayer till it cools down, for the intensity of heat is from the exhalation of Hell." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Offer the morning prayer at dawn, for it is greater for your rewards." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "He who prays a Rak'a of the Fajr prayer before the sun rises, has offered the dawn prayer in its time, and he who prays a Rak'a of the 'Asr prayer before the sun sets has offered the afternoon prayer." .

"A Sajdah implies a Rak'a."

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying: "No Salat (prayer) is to be offered after the morning prayer until the sun rises, or after the afternoon prayer until the sun sets." .

"There is no Salat (prayer) after the Fajr (morning) prayer."

"There are three times at which Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to forbid us to pray or bury our dead: (a) when the sun begins to rise till it is fully up, (b) when the sun is at its height at midday till it passes the meridian, and (c) when the sun draws near to setting till it sets." .

ash-Shafi'i views the second ruling from

"Except on Friday".

Abu Dawud reported something similar from Abu Qatadah (RA).

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "O descendants of 'Abd Manaf! You must not prevent anyone who goes round this House (Ka'bah) and prays (here) at any hour of the night or day that he wishes." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The twilight is the redness." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said that, "Dawn is of two types; the dawn in which eating is forbidden (for the fasting person) and prayer is permitted and the dawn in which prayer is forbidden i.e. the morning prayer and eating is permitted." .

"it is spread widely in the horizon," and to the other type: "it has the shape of wolf's tail."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "One of the best deeds is to offer Salat (prayer) in its early time." .

Its basic meaning is in the Sahihain of al-Bukhari and Muslim.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The earliest time of prayer is what pleases Allah, the midtime is for the mercy of Allah and the latest time is what Allah pardons." .

at-Tirmidhi has reported something similar, narrated by Ibn 'Umar, without mentioning the midtime. .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "There is no Salat (i.e. voluntary prayer) after the break of dawn except Sajdatain (Sunnah of Fajr)." .

'Abdur-Razzaq also narrated: "There is no Salat (voluntary prayer) after the break of dawn ecept the two (Sunnah) Rak'a of Fajr."

A narration of ad-Daraqutni narrated by Amr bin al-'Aas is similar to the one above.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came to my house after offering 'Asr prayer and offered two Rak'a, then I asked him about that and he replied, "I was kept busy (and failed to pray) the two (Sunnah) Rak'a after Zuhr prayer, so I offered them now." I asked him, "Should we offer them if we miss them?" He (ﷺ) replied, "No." .

The narration of Abu Dawud from 'Aishah (RA) has the same meaning.

A man appeared to me while I was asleep and told me to say, "Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Most Great, Allah is the Most Great)" and he mentioned the Adhan with Allahu Akbar four times without Tarji', and the Iqama once except Qad qamat-is-Salah (the prayer stood ready to begin), (he repeated it twice). He ('Abdullah) said when it was morning I went to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and he said, "It is a true vision..." .

as-Salatu khairun minan-nawm - "Prayer is better than sleep".

"It is from the Sunnah that when the Mu'adhadhin says Fajr (prayer time): 'Haiya 'alal-Falah (Come to the success)', he says (also) 'as-Salatu khairun minan-nawm (Prayer is better than sleep).'"

The Prophet (ﷺ) taught him the Adhan (call to prayer) and he (the narrator) mentioned the Tarji' in it. [Muslim reported it, but mentioned the phrase (Takbir) "Allah is the Most Great" at its beginning just twice.

al-Khamsah reported it, but mentioned the Takbir four times.

Bilal was commanded to announce the Adhan (each phrase) twice and the Iqamah (each phrase) once except "The prayer stood ready to begin" (to be pronounced twice). .

"Bilal was ordered by the Prophet (ﷺ)."

I saw Bilal calling for prayer and I would follow (looking at) his mouth (as he turned it) this (right) side and that (left) side with his fingers in his ears. .

In a narration of Ibn Majah - 'and he put his fingers in his ears'.

And also a narration of Abu Dawud - 'he turned his neck to the right and left when he reached Haiya 'alas-Salah (Come to the prayer) and did not turn his body'.

And its basic meaning is in Sahihain (al-Bukhari and Muslim).

The Prophet (ﷺ) liked his voice, so he taught him the Adhan (call to prayer). .

I prayed with the Prophet (ﷺ) the two 'Eids, not only once or twice, without an Adhan or an Iqamah. .

A similar narration is in al-Bukhari and Muslim narrated by 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas (RA) and others.

Then Bilal proclaimed the Adhan and the Prophet (ﷺ) offered the prayer (while leading the Companions) as he used to do every day. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) came to al-Muzdalifah and offered at it both the Maghrib and 'Isha prayers with one Adhan and two Iqamah.

The Prophet (ﷺ) combined the Maghrib and 'Isha prayers with one Iqamah.

"for each prayer".

The Adhan was not announced for any one of them.