Bulugh al-Maram

Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) said: "There is Janabah (trace of sexual impurity) under every hair, so wash your hair and cleanse the skin." Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi transmitted it but they declared it to be weak.

Ahmad transmitted a similar narration to the above, on the authority of `A'ishah (RAA), but this version has an unknown transmitter.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "I have been given five things which were not given to anyone else before me. Allah made me victorious by awe (of frightening my enemies) for a distance of one month's journey. The earth has been made for me (and my followers) a place for praying and something with which to perform Tayammum (to purify oneself for prayer). Therefore, anyone (of my followers) can pray (anywhere) and at any time that the Salat (prayer) is due."

"And the soil of the earth had been made for us as a means with which to purify ourselves (for prayer), when we cannot find water." Related by Muslim.

"The earth (dust) has been made for me as a means for purification."

The Prophet (ﷺ) sent me on some errands and I became junub (sexually impure), and could not find water. I rolled myself in the dirt just as an animal does. I then came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and mentioned that to him. He said, "This would have been enough for you," and he struck the earth with his hands once, then he wiped the right hand with the left one, and the outside of the palms of his hands and his face. .

'He (ﷺ) struck the earth with the palms of his hands, blew in them and wiped his face and hands with them.

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Tayammum is two strikes: one for the face and one for the hands up to the elbows." Reported by Ad-Daraqutni

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The soil is a purifier for a Muslim, even if he does not find water for ten years; but if he finds water, he must fear Allah and let it touch his skin."

a similar Hadith transmitted by at-Tirmidhi

Two men set out on a journey and when the time of Salat (prayer) came they had no water. They performed Tayammum with clean earth and prayed. Later on they found water within the time of the prayer. One of them repeated his prayer with ablution but the other did not repeat. Then they came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), and related the matter to him. Addressing himself to the one who did not repeat, he said, "You followed the Sunnah and your (first) prayer was enough for you." He said to the one who performed ablution and repeated: "For you there is a double reward".

concerning the verse, “And if you are ill or on a journey...” (an-Nisa': 43). He said, "If a man sustains a wound, which he suffered during Jihad (in the cause of Allah) or ulcers, then he became junub (sexually impure) and is afraid that if he bathes he would die; he may perform ablution with clean earth (Tayammum). .

One of my forearms was broken. Then I consulted Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) and he ordered me to wipe over the bandages. .

concerning the man who had a head injury, and then he made Ghusl and died: Allah's Messenger Peace be upon him said, "It would have been enough for him to perform Tayammum and wrap it with something and wipe over the wrapping and wash the rest of his body."

It is from the Sunnah of the Prophet (ﷺ) for the man to pray only one prayer with each Tayammum, and then perform Tayammum for the next prayer.

Fatima bint Abu Hubaish used to have a prolonged flow of blood (Istihadah) and so Allah’s Messenger (Peace be upon him)· told her, "If it is the blood of menstruation it will be dark (almost black) and recognizable (by women). If it is that, then leave the prayer. If it is other than that, then make ablution and pray."

) "She should sit in a tub, and if she sees yellowness appearing (on top of the water) she should wash (three times), once for the Dhuhr and Asr prayers, and once for the Maghrib and Isha prayers, and once for the Fajr prayer, and she should then perform ablution in between those times."

'I had a very strong prolonged flow of blood. I went to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) to ask him about it. He said, "This is a strike from Satan. So observe your menses for six or seven days, then perform Ghusl until you see that you are clean. Pray for twenty-four or twenty-three nights and days and fast, and that will suffice you. Do so every month just as the other women menstruate (and are purified). But if you are strong enough to delay the Dhuhr prayer and advance the Asr prayer, then make Ghusl when your purified and combine the Dhuhr and the Asr prayers together; then delay the Maghrib prayer and advance the Isha prayer, and perform Ghusl and combine the two prayers, do so. Do so, and then wash at dawn and pray Fajr. This is how you may pray and fast if you have the ability to do so." And he said, "That is the more preferable way to me."

Umm Habiba bint Jahsh complained to Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) about a prolonged flow of blood. He said to her, "Keep away (from prayer) as long as your normal period used to prevent you (from praying), and afterwards she should perform Ghusl (and pray)". (She used to take a bath for every prayer).

"And perform ablution for every Salat (prayer)". Abu Dawud and others transmitted a similar narration.

After we were pure, we did not consider the yellow or muddy discharge to be anything (i.e. of the menses blood) .

The Jews used not to eat with a woman during her menstruation period, so the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: "Do every thing else apart from sexual intercourse (with your wives)".

When I was menstruating, the Prophet saws would order me to wrap myself up (with an Izar, which is a dress worn below the waist) and would start fondling me. Reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) said regarding a husband who has sexual intercourse with his wife during her menstruation period, "He must pay a Dinar or half a Dinar in way of charity.”

Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) said: "Is it not the case that when a woman menstruates, she neither prays nor fasts?"

When we came to a place called Sarif, I menstruated and the Prophet (Peace be upon him) told me, "You should perform all that a pilgrim would do, except circumambulation until you are pure (i.e. performed Ghusl)."

He asked the Prophet (Peace be upon him), “What is lawful for a man regarding his wife when she is menstruating?" and he replied, "What is above the waist wrapper (Izar).”

During the lifetime of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) the women having bleeding after delivery (postnatal or puerperal blood) would refrain (from prayer) for forty days. .

"The Prophet (Peace be upon him) did not command her to repeat the prayers (missed during the period of bleeding)."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The time of the Zuhr (noon) prayer is when the sun passes the meridian and a man's shadow is of the same length as his height. It lasts until the time of the 'Asr (afternoon) prayer. The time of the 'Asr prayer is as long as the sun has not become yellow (during its setting). The time of the Maghrib (sunset) prayer is as long as the twilight has not disappeared. The time of the 'Isha' (night) prayer is up to midnight. And the time of the Fajr (morning) prayer is from the appearance of dawn as long as the sun has not risen; (but when the sun rises abstain from prayer; for it rises between the two horns of Satan)." .

"When the sun is white and clear." .

"While the sun is high." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to offer the 'Asr prayer (and after the prayer) one of us would return to his house at the furthest end of al-Madinah and arrive while the sun was still hot and bright. And he (ﷺ) loved to delay the 'Isha' prayer, and he disliked sleeping before it and conversation after it. After the Fajr prayer he used to leave when a man could recognize the one sitting beside him and he used to recite between 60 to 100 Verse of Qur'an in the Fajr prayer. .

used to advance the 'Isha' prayer sometimes and delay it at other times. Whenever he saw the people assembled (for the 'Isha' prayer) he would pray early and if the people delayed, he would delay the prayer. And the Prophet (ﷺ) used to offer the Fajr prayer when it was still dark.

He (ﷺ) offered the Fajr prayer at daybreak when the people could hardly recognize one another.

We used to offer the Maghrib prayer with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and then one of us would go (out of the mosque) and be able to see the spot his would fall at. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) delayed (the 'Isha' prayer) one night till a great part of the night passed, then he went out and offered the prayer, and said, "This is the proper time for it; were it not that I would impose a burden on my followers." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "When it is hot, delay the (Zuhr) prayer till it cools down, for the intensity of heat is from the exhalation of Hell." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Offer the morning prayer at dawn, for it is greater for your rewards." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "He who prays a Rak'a of the Fajr prayer before the sun rises, has offered the dawn prayer in its time, and he who prays a Rak'a of the 'Asr prayer before the sun sets has offered the afternoon prayer." .

"A Sajdah implies a Rak'a."

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying: "No Salat (prayer) is to be offered after the morning prayer until the sun rises, or after the afternoon prayer until the sun sets." .

"There is no Salat (prayer) after the Fajr (morning) prayer."

"There are three times at which Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to forbid us to pray or bury our dead: (a) when the sun begins to rise till it is fully up, (b) when the sun is at its height at midday till it passes the meridian, and (c) when the sun draws near to setting till it sets." .

ash-Shafi'i views the second ruling from

"Except on Friday".

Abu Dawud reported something similar from Abu Qatadah (RA).

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "O descendants of 'Abd Manaf! You must not prevent anyone who goes round this House (Ka'bah) and prays (here) at any hour of the night or day that he wishes." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The twilight is the redness." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said that, "Dawn is of two types; the dawn in which eating is forbidden (for the fasting person) and prayer is permitted and the dawn in which prayer is forbidden i.e. the morning prayer and eating is permitted." .