ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib
Abū al-Ḥasan, Abū Turāb · Amīr al-Muʾminīn (Commander of the Faithful), Asad Allāh (Lion of God), al-Murtaḍā, Ḥaydar (Lion)
Cousin of the Prophet ﷺ (his father Abū Ṭālib was the Prophet's paternal uncle), foster-brother (raised in his household), son-in-law (married Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ), and fourth Rashidun caliph (35-40 AH / 656-661 CE). Among the first to accept Islam — by most accounts the second after Khadīja, or the first male after her. Famously slept in the Prophet's ﷺ bed on the night of the Hijra to deceive the Quraysh assassins. Distinguished himself in battle (Badr, Uḥud, Khandaq, Khaybar). The Prophet ﷺ said: "Are you not pleased that you are to me as Hārūn was to Mūsā, except that there is no prophet after me?" Father of al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn through Fāṭima — the entire Sayyid/Sharīf lineage descends from him. Assassinated in Kufa during morning prayer by a Khārijī.