Bulugh al-Maram

A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and asked him about an item found (in the street). He replied, "Note what it is contained in, and what it is tied with, and make the matter known for a year. Then, if its owner comes (give it to him). Otherwise, you can do what you like with it." He asked, "What about astray sheep?" He replied, "It is for your, your brother, or the wolf." He asked, "What about astray camels?" He replied, "What have you to do with them? They have their stomachs and their feet. They can go down to water and eat trees till their master finds them." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "He who shelters a stray (animal) is astray himself if he does not make it known." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "He who finds something should call two trusty people as witnesses, keep in mind what it is contained in, and what it is tied with, and not conceal it or cover it up. Then, if its owner comes, he has the most right to it. Otherwise, it is Allah's property which He gives to whomever He wills." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) prohibited taking what a pilgrim has dropped (lost). .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A beast of prey with a fang, a domestic donkey, and a lost item from the property of a Mu'ahid (a disbeliever who has been given a covenant) - unless it is something worthless - are not lawful." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), "Give the prescribed shares to those who are entitled to them, and what remains goes to the nearest male relative (of the deceased)." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A Muslim does not inherit from an infidel and an infidel does not inherit from a Muslim." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) ruled, "The daughter gets half and the son's daughter gets a sixth, completing two-thirds, and what remains goes to the sister." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "People of two different religions do not inherit from one another." .

al-Hakim reported it with Usamah's wording.

an-Nasa'i reported Usamah's Hadith with the aforesaid wording.

A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "My son's son (grandson) has died, so what do I receive from his estate (inheritance)?" He replied, "You receive a sixth;" then when he turned away he called him and said, "You receive another sixth;" and when he turned away he called him and said, "The other sixth is an allowance (beyond what is due)." .

It is from al-Hasan al-Basri's narration on the authority of 'Imran. However, it has been said that al-Hasan did not hear (Hadith) from 'Imran].

The Prophet (ﷺ) appointed a sixth to a grandmother if no mother is left to inherit before her. .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A maternal uncle is heir of him who has no inheritor." [Ahmad and al-Arba'a reported it excluding at-Tirmidhi. Abu Zur'a ar-Razi graded it Hasan (good), and al-Hakim and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic).

'Umar (RA) wrote to Abu Ubaidah (RA) that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had said: "Allah and His Messenger are the Patrons of him who has none and a maternal uncle is the heir of him who has no inheritor." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "When a new born cries (at the time of birth) (and then dies), it is treated as a hair." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "One who kills a man cannot inherit anything from him." .

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying, "The property which a parent or a child has a right to, goes to his 'Asabah (paternal relatives) whoever it may be. .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The right to inheritance from a freed slave is a relationship like the relationship of blood relatives (lineage); it cannot be sold or given away." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The most versed in the rules of inheritance among you is Zaid bin Thabit." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "It is not permissible for a Muslim person, who has something he wants to give as a bequest, to have it for two nights without having his will regarding it written and kept ready with him." .

I said, "O Allah's Messenger, I have wealth and no one to inherit from me except my one daughter. Shall I give two-thirds of my property as Sadaqah?" He replied, "No." I said, "Shall I give half of it as Sadaqah?" He replied, "No." I said, "Shall I give a third of it as Sadaqah?" He replied, "You may give a third as Sadaqah, which is still a lot. To leave your heirs rich is better than to leave them poor and begging from people." .

A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger, my mother had died suddenly, and did not make a will. And I think she would have given out Sadaqah if she had been able to speak, so will she get a reward if I gave out Sadaqah on her behalf?" He replied, "Yes." .

I heard Allah's Messeneger (ﷺ) saying, "Allah has appointed for everyone who has a right what is due to him, and no Wasiyah (will) should be made to an heir." .

"unless the other heirs wish so." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Allah gave (a favor) as Sadaqah to you a third of your property, when you are about to die, as an increase in your good deeds." .

Ahmad and al-Bazzar reported the aforesaid narration from the Hadith of Abu ad-Darda.

While Ibn Majah reported it from the Hadith of Abu Hurairah (RA).

All of them (i.e. these three chains of narrators) are weak. However, they may strengthen one another (becoming Hasan), and Allah Knows Best.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There is no liability on him who is entrusted with something." .

The Chapter on the division of Sadaqah has preceded at the end of the Book of Zakat.

The Chapter on the division of tributes from territories the Muslims have conquered, and spoils of war, will follow the Book of Jihad, if Allah the Most High wills.