Bulugh al-Maram

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The neighbor is most entitled to the right of option to buy his neighbor's property, and its exercise should be waited for, even if he is absent, if the two properties have one road." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The option to buy neighboring property is like loosening the knot (which restraints the camel)." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There are three things which contain blessings: A business transaction in which payment is agreed on a fixed later time, al-Muqaradah (speculative partnership), and mixing wheat and barley for one's household use but not for sale." .

He used to make a condition on the man to whom he gave his property in al-Muqaradah (to trade with, and the profit being shared between them), that: "You should not trade with my property in living beings, and do not transport it by sea, and do not settle with it at the bottom of a river-bed; and if you do any of the aforesaid acts you should then guarantee my property." .

Malik said in al-Muwatta' from al-'Ala bin 'Abdur-Rahman bin Ya'qub from his father on the authority of his grandfather that he traded with some property belonging to 'Uthman (RA) so that the profit would be divided between them. .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had agreed with the people of Khaibar to give (to the Muslim authority) half what it produced of fruits or crops. .

They asked him (ﷺ) to allow them to stay on the land, on condition that they should do all the cultivation and have half the dates. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied to them, "We shall allow you to stay on the land, on that condition, as long as we wish." So they remained on the land till 'Umar (RA) expelled them.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) handed over to the Jews of Khaibar, the palm-trees and the land of Khaibar, on condition that they should employ their own resources in working on it and keep half of its produce.

I asked Rafi' bin Khadij (RA) about renting land for gold and silver and he replied, "There is no harm in that, as the people used to rent land in the time of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) for what grew by the river-beds, and the edges of the brooks/streams, or for a portion of the crop. However, sometimes this portion of the crop would be destroyed while the other is saved, or vice-versa. Thus, there would be no wages to pay the people (the owners of the land) except for the portion which produced a crop." For this reason, he warned against this (practice). However, if it is (rented) for something known and guaranteed, then there is no harm in it. . This narration contains a clarification of what was mentioned in general terms in the previous narration of al-Bukhari and Muslim, regarding the general prohibition of renting out land.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade al-Muzara'ah (employing people on land for a share of the produce), and ordered al-Mu'ajara (renting it out for cash). .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had himself cupped and gave the one who cupped him his pay; and if it were prohibited he would not have given him (his pay). .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The earnings of a cupper (Hajjam) are impure." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Allah, the Great and Glorious, has said, "There are three whose adversary I shall be on the Day of Resurrection: A man who gave a promise in My Name and then betrayed; a man who sold a free man and consumed his price; and a man who hired a worker and, after receiving full service from him, did not give him his wages.'" .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The most worthy thing for which you receive payment is Allah's Book." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Give the hired worker his wage before his sweat dries." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever hires a worker should pay him his wages in full." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "He who develops land that does not belong to anyone, has the most right to it." 'Urwa said that 'Umar ruled according to that during his caliphate.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If anyone makes a barren land productive, then it belongs to him." .

And he (at-Tirmidhi) said that it was reported in a Mursal (missing link after the Tabi'i) form, which is the case. However, there is disagreement regarding the Companion who heard it from the Prophet (ﷺ), and it has been said that it was Jabir, 'Aishah or 'Abdullah bin 'Umar, and the strongest opinion is that it was the first one (i.e. Jabir).

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA) that as-Sa'b bin Jaththamah al-Laithi (RA) informed him that the Prophet (ﷺ) had said, "There is no preserve except what belongs to Allah and His Messenger." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "There should neither be harming (of others without cause), nor reciprocating harm (between two parties)." .

Ibn Majah reported something similar to the aforesaid Hadith from Abu Sa'id's narration. It is found in al-Muwatta' in a Mursal form (missing link after the Tabi'i).

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone puts a wall around a (barren) land, it belongs to him." .

The Prophet (ﷺ), "Whoever digs a well, shall have forty cubits (of land) as resting place for his animals near the water." .

"The Prophet (ﷺ) assigned him land in Hadramout." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) assigned az-Zubair the land his horse could cover at a run. He made his horse run, and when it stopped he threw his whip. He then said, "Give to him up to the spot his has reached. .

I went on an expedition with the Prophet (ﷺ) and heard him say, "People are partners in three things: grazing, pasture, water and fire." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "When a son of Adam (i.e. any human being) dies his deeds are discontinued, with three exceptions: Sadaqah, whose benefit is continuous; or knowledge from which benefit continues to be reaped, or a righteous child who supplicates for him." .

'Umar (RA) got some land in Khaibar and went to the Prophet (ﷺ) asking his command regarding it and said, "O Allah's Messenger, I have acquired a land in Khaibar which is the most valuable property that I have ever acquired." He replied, "If you wish you may make the property an endowment and give its produce as Sadaqah." So 'Umar (RA) gave the land as Sadaqah (in endowment on the condition) that must not be sold, inherited, or given away. And he gave its produce as Sadaqah to be devoted to the poor, relatives, the emancipation of salves, in Allah's Cause, for travelers and guests, and there is no sin upon the one who administers it if he eats something from it in a reasonable manner or gives something to a friend to eat, provided he does not store anything as goods (for himself). .

"He gave the land in Sadaqah (as an endowment) that must not be sold or gifted, but its produce must be spent (as Sadaqah)."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) sent 'Umar (RA) to collect Sadaqah..." The narrator reported the Hadith and it contains:

"As for Khalid, he has kept back his coats of mail and weapons to use them in Allah's Cause." .

His father brought him to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said, "I have given this son of mine a slave, who was belonging to me." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) asked, "Have you given all your children the like of him?" He replied, "No." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then said, "Take him back then."

My father went then to the Prophet (ﷺ) to call him as a witness to my Sadaqah (i.e. gift) and he asked, "Have you done the same with all your children?" He replied, "No." He said, "Fear Allah and treat your children equally." My father then returned and took back that gift. .

He said, "Call someone other than me as a witness to this." He then said, "Would you like them to be equal in their kind treatment of you?" He replied, "Yes." He said, "Don't do it, then."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The one who repossesses a gift is like a dog which vomits and then returns to its vomit." .

"An evil example does not apply to us, one who repossesses a gift is like a dog which vomits and then returns to its vomit."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "It is not lawful for a Muslim man to give a gift and then take it back, except a father regarding what he gives a child." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) would accept a gift and give something in return for it. .

A man gave away a she-camel to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). So he gave him something in return for it and asked, "Are you pleased?" He replied, "No." So he gave him more and asked, "Are you pleased?" He replied, "No." Again he gave him more and asked, "Are you pleased?" He replied, "Yes." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "What is given in life-tenancy belongs to the one to whom it is given." .

"Keep your properties for yourselves and do not squander them, for if anyone gives a life-tenancy it goes to the one to whom it is given, both during his life and after his death, and to his descendants."

"The life-tenancy which Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) allowed was only that in which one says, 'It is for you and your descendants.' However, if he says, 'It is yours as long as you live', it returns to its owner."

"Do not give property "to go to the survivor" and do not give "life-tenancy", for if anyone is given either, the property goes to his heirs."

I provided a man with a horse to ride in Allah's Cause, but as he did not look after it well, I thought he would sell it at a cheap price. I therefore asked Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) about that and he said, "Do not buy it even if he gives it to you for a Dirham..." The narrator reported the rest of the Hadith. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Give gifts to one another and you will love one another." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Give gifts to one another, for (giving) gifts gently extracts resentment and ill-will." .

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "O Muslim women, a woman neighbor should not consider even a goat's hoof too insignificant a gift to give to her neighbor." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If anyone gives away a gift, he has most right to it as long as he is given nothing in return for it." .

The Prophet (ﷺ) came upon a date on the road and said, "Were it not that I fear it may be part of the Sadaqah I would eat it." .