Muhammad ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi

Muhammad ibn Qudamah was born in 1147 CE in Jammain near Jerusalem, in Palestine, during the Crusades. He belonged to the Hanbali school of Sunni Islam and was the son of Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Qudamah, a revered Hanbali preacher and mystic. Ibn Qudamah studied extensively in Damascus and Baghdad under prominent scholars including Abdul-Qadir Gilani. He authored major works such as al-Mughni, a comprehensive legal encyclopedia, and was a devoted follower of the Athari theological tradition and the Qadiriyya Sufi order. He participated in Saladin's army during the recapture of Jerusalem in 1187 and settled in Damascus where he taught and wrote until his death on 7 July 1223 CE. Ibn Qudamah is remembered as an authoritative figure in Hanbali jurisprudence and a supporter of orthodox Sunni mysticism.