Abu al-Mughira al-Hazimi

Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir was born in Medina around 676 CE into the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe. He was the son of Ali al-Sajjad and a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through both Hasan and Husayn. Living during the Umayyad Caliphate, he witnessed the Battle of Karbala as a child and later led a quiet, scholarly life in Medina. Al-Baqir is credited with laying the doctrinal and legal foundations of Twelver Shi'ism and contributed significantly to Shia Quranic exegesis. Despite political harassment, especially from Caliph Hisham, he maintained a reputation for piety and scholarship. He died around 732 CE, reportedly poisoned, and was buried in the Baqi Cemetery in Medina.